Effect of kefir on increased apoptosis in liver and kidney in cisplatin toxicity / Efecto del kéfir sobre el aumento de la apoptosis en el hígado y los riñones en la toxicidad del cisplatino

SUMMARY: Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent inducing liver and kidney damage. In this study, we intended to investigate the impact of kefir beverage, an essential probiotic and functional food, on liver and kidney damage induced by cisplatin. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control, Cisplatin (single dose of 7 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), Kefir (2 ml/d, 7 d, oral gavage), and Cisplatin+Kefir (CK). At the end of day 7, animals were euthanized. Blood, kidney, and liver tissue samples were collected. For both tissues, biochemically ALT, AST, Urea, Creatine; histomorphologically, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, were performed. Serum urea and creatinine levels of the Cisplatin group were significantly higher than the Control group (p<0.05). In the CK group, kefir consumption decreased urea and creatinin levels approached to Control and Kefir groups. Cisplatin resulted in higher ALT and AST activities, indicating hepatocellular damage, compared to the Control group (p<0.05). Kefir consumption decreased ALT activities approached to both the Control and Kefir group. Histomorphological observations were in agreement biochemical results. In liver and kidney tissues, structural damage was observed with an increase in collagen fibers in the Cisplatin group, and Caspase-3 activity was immunohistochemically higher than in the other groups. In the CK group, collagen fiber increase, structural damage, and Caspase-3 activities were less than in the Cisplatin group. Kefir consumption alleviated liver and kidney damage. However, more research is required to understand such effect of kefir better.

RESUMEN: El cisplatino es un agente quimioterapéutico que induce daño hepático y renal. En este estudio, intentamos investigar el efecto del kéfir, un alimento funcional y probiótico esencial, en el daño hepático y renal inducido por el cisplatino. Se dividieron ratas albinas Wistar en cuatro grupos: control, cisplatino (dosis única de 7 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), kéfir (2 ml/día, 7 días, sonda oral) y cisplatino + kéfir (CK). Al final del día 7, los animales fueron sacrificados. Se recolectaron muestras de sangre, riñón y tejido hepático. Se determinó ALT, AST, Urea y Creatina; Para el análisis histomorfológico, se realizaron tinciones con hematoxilina-eosina, tricrómico de Masson y para inmunohistoquímica, caspasa-3, un marcador de apoptosis. Los niveles séricos de urea y creatinina del grupo de cisplatino fueron significativamente más altos que los del grupo de control (p<0,05). En el grupo CK, el consumo de kéfir disminuyó los niveles de urea y creatinina acercándose a los grupos Control y Kéfir. El cisplatino resultó en actividades más altas de ALT y AST, lo que indica daño hepatocelular, en comparación con el grupo Control (p<0.05). El consumo de kéfir disminuyó las actividades de ALT tanto en el grupo Control como en el de Kéfir. Las observaciones histomorfológicas coincidieron con los resultados bioquímicos. En tejidos hepáticos y renales se observó daño estructural con aumento de fibras colágenas en el grupo de Cisplatino, y la actividad de Caspasa-3 fue inmunohistoquímicamente mayor que en los otros grupos. En el grupo de CK, el aumento de las fibras colágenas, el daño estructural y las actividades de Caspasa-3 fueron menores que en el grupo Cisplatino. El consumo de kéfir mejoró el daño hepático y renal. Sin embargo, se requiere más investigación para comprender mejor el efecto del kéfir.

Indicators of full value feeding rations for dairy cows / Indicadores de rações de valor total para vacas leiteiras

This article presents the results of the level of feeding and the health status of dairy cows in a commercial dairy farm on the content of the main components in milk (fat, protein, urea). The aim of the research was to study the milk productivity and composition of milk of cows, to analyze the level of feeding and the content of basic nutrients in the diet of the farm. The farm breeds purebred Holstein cattle with a high genetic potential for productivity. The milking herd was formed in 2009 on the basis of 600 heads of Holstein-Friesian heifers imported from Hungary, as well as 65 heads of Holsteinized heifers of Ukrainian selection from Ukraine in 2015. Today the livestock numbers about 1,500 head of cattle, of which there are about 900 breeders. On the territory of the farm there are: 3 cowsheds for keeping cows, an insemination room, a milking parlor with a parallel installation of the Delaval company, in which 48 cows are milked for one milking, the ABK, where the manager’s office, livestock technician, accounting is located, and a mini-hotel with dining room and lounges. Dairy bases are equipped with auto-drinkers, ventilation, plumbing, electric lighting, manure removal mechanisms, and a milking installation. The object of the research was Holstein cows in the amount of 483 heads of Aina Dairy Farm LLP. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted zootechnical methods using modern equipment for conducting analyzes and interstate and state standards. The research results showed that the milk productivity of cows averaged 19.5 kg per day, the fat content 4.3%, the protein 3.9%, the number of somatic cells 230.5 thousand units / ml, urea 45.3 mg / 100 ml respectively. Analyzing the [...].

Este artigo apresenta os resultados do nível de alimentação e do estado de saúde de vacas leiteiras em uma fazenda comercial leiteira sobre o conteúdo dos principais componentes do leite (gordura, proteína, ureia). O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a produtividade e composição do leite de vacas, analisar o nível de alimentação e o teor de nutrientes básicos na dieta da fazenda. A fazenda produz gado holandês de raça pura com alto potencial genético de produtividade. O rebanho leiteiro foi formado em 2009 com base em 600 cabeças de novilhas Holstein-Friesian importadas da Hungria, bem como 65 cabeças de novilhas holsteinizadas da seleção ucraniana em 2015. Hoje o gado totaliza cerca de 1.500 cabeças de gado, das quais existem cerca de 900 criadores. No território da fazenda existem: 3 estábulos para criação de vacas, uma sala de inseminação, uma sala de ordenha com instalação paralela da empresa Delaval, na qual são ordenhadas 48 vacas para cada ordenha, a ABK, onde fica o escritório do gestor, pecuária técnica, a contabilidade está localizada, e um mini-hotel com refeitório e salões. As bases leiteiras são equipadas com bebedouros automáticos, ventilação, encanamento, iluminação elétrica, mecanismo de remoção de esterco e instalação de ordenha. O objeto da pesquisa foram vacas da raça holandesa no valor de 483 cabeças da Aina Dairy Farm LLP. Os estudos foram realizados de acordo com métodos zootécnicos geralmente aceitos, utilizando equipamentos modernos para a realização de análises e padrões interestaduais e estaduais. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a produtividade do leite das vacas era em média 19,5 kg por dia, o teor de gordura 4,3%, a proteína 3,9%, o número de células somáticas 230,5 mil unidades / ml, ureia 45,3 mg / 100 ml respectivamente. A análise do nível de ureia no leite [...].

Amplification of urea detection based on pH-sensitive liposomes

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop an amplification method of urea detection based on pHsensitive liposomes. RESULTS: The urease covalently immobilized on the magnetic particles and the pH-sensitive liposomes encapsulating ferricyanide were added to the cyclic-voltammeter cell solution where urea was distributed. The conversion of urea into carbonic acid seemed to induce a pH decrease that caused a reduction in the electrostatic repulsion between the headgroups of weakly acidic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero3-succinate. The reduction induced the liposomes to release potassium ferricyanide that was encapsulated inside. The effects of urea concentration and pH value were investigated. A specific concentration (0.5 mg/mL) of the urea solution was set to observe the response. The activity of urease was reversible with respect to the pH change between 7 and 5. The sensitivity of this detection was almost identical to the comparable techniques such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a field-effect transistor. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the methodology developed in this study was feasible as a portable, rapid, and sensitive method.

Urea incorporated into ordered mesoporous silica for potential cosmetic application

Urea's thermal instability and burning on sensitive skin can cause problems for cosmetic formulations. To overcome these drawbacks, urea was incorporated into ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15). SBA-15 was synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate and Pluronic® P123 in an acid medium. Urea (20 wt.%) was incorporated into calcined SBA-15 by the incipient wetness impregnation method. Several techniques were used to characterize the samples. Skin hydration and transepidermal water loss were measured using Corneometer® CM 825 PC and Tewameter® 300 TM. Results showed that the structural properties of SBA-15Urea were similar to pure SBA-15, indicating that SBA-15 remained structured even after urea incorporation. Nitrogen physisorption data showed the volume and surface area of the pores in SBA-15Urea were much lower than those in SBA-15, demonstrating that urea was deposited inside the mesopores. In vivo moisturization studies revealed that SBA-15Urea was not able to reduce transepidermal water loss compared to the other products and control, while forming a non-occlusive surface film on the skin. We conclude that incorporation of urea in the pores of the inorganic SBA-15 matrix is a promising approach to enhancing its stability and providing a prolonged moisturizing effect.

Estudo prospectivo para validação de protocolo único para o teste respiratório com ureia marcada com carbono-13 empregando dois dispositivos diferentes, no diagnóstico da infecção por H. pylori / Prospective study for validation of a single protocol for the 13c-urea breath test using two different devices in the diagnosis of h. pylori infection

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: 13C-urea breath test (UBT) is the gold-standard, noninvasive method for H. pylori diagnosis. However, there is no uniform standardization of the test. This situation can be unpractical for laboratories running with two or more devices. OBJECTIVE: To perform a prospective comparison validation study of UBT employing one validated protocol for two different devices: BreathID Hp Lab System® (Exalenz Bioscience Ltd, Israel), here called device A and IRIS-Doc2® (Wagner Analysen-Technik, Germany, now Mayoly Spindler Group, France), here called device B, in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. METHODS: A total of 518 consecutive patients (365 females, 153 males, mean age 53 years) referred for UBT were included. All patients received device A protocol as follow: after at least one hour fasting, patients filled two bags prior to the test, then ingested an aqueous solution containing 75 mg of 13C-urea with a 4.0 g citric acid powder and filled another two bags 15 min after ingesting the test solution. One pair of breath sample bags (before and after ingestion) was analyzed by the two different devices. A delta over baseline (DOB) ≥5‰ indicated H. pylori infection. Statistics: Wilcoxon test, kappa coefficient with 95% CI, Wilson's method. RESULTS: Considering the device A protocol as the gold standard, its comparison with device B showed a sensitivity of 99.3% (95% CI: 96.3-99.9) and a specificity of 98.9% (95% CI: 97.3-99.6). Kappa coefficient was 0.976 (95% IC: 0.956-0.997). CONCLUSION: Correlation between the two devices was excellent and supports a uniform standardization of UBT.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O teste respiratório com ureia-marcada com carbono-13 (TR-13C) é o método padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico não invasivo da infecção por H. pylori. Apesar disto, não existe uma uniformização de protocolos para a sua realização, trazendo dificuldades operacionais para laboratórios ou clínicas que operam com equipamentos de fabricantes diferentes. OBJETIVO: Estudo prospectivo e comparativo para validação do TR-13C para o diagnóstico de infecção por H. pylori, com emprego de protocolo único para dois equipamentos diferentes, a saber: BreathID Hp Lab System® (Exalenz Bioscience Ltd, Israel), aqui denominado equipamento A e IRIS-Doc2® (Wagner Analysen-Technik, Alemanha, agora Mayoly Spindler Group, França), aqui denominado equipamento B. MÉTODOS: Um total de 518 pacientes (365 mulheres e 153 homens, idade média de 53 anos) consecutivamente encaminhados para a realização do TR-13C foram incluídos no estudo. Todos os participantes realizaram TR-13C, que foi processado e analisado simultaneamente pelos dois equipamentos. Embora os dois equipamentos possuam protocolos independentes previamente validados, foi optado, por sua maior praticidade, pela utilização de um único protocolo, conforme recomendado pelo fabricante do equipamento A, e assim resumido: após jejum mínimo de 1h, foram amostras de ar expirado coletadas em dois pequenos sacos coletores (120 mL), correspondendo ao tempo-zero (amostra-1, controle). Em seguida, os pacientes ingeriram, em até 2 min, uma solução aquosa (200 mL) contendo 75 mg de 13C-ureia e 4,0 gramas de ácido cítrico em pó, adicionado com edulcorante. Uma segunda coleta de ar expirado era realizada 15 min após a ingestão do substrato em dois novos pequenos sacos coletores, correspondendo à amostra-2. Foram considerados positivos para a presença da infecção por H. pylori quando apresentavam um delta over baseline (DOB) igual ou maior que 5‰. Análise estatística foi realizada com o teste de Wilcoxon, coeficiente kappa com IC 95% e método de Wilson. RESULTADOS: Considerando o protocolo do equipamento A como o padrão-ouro, sua comparação com o equipamento B mostrou sensibilidade de 99,3% (IC 95%: 96,3-99,9) e especificidade de 98,9% (IC 95%: 97,3-99,6). O coeficiente kappa observado foi de 0,976 (IC 95%: 0,956-0,997). CONCLUSÃO: A correlação entre os dois equipamentos foi excelente e contribui para uma uniformização de protocolos para TR-13C.

Glomerulopatía colapsante con insuficiencia renal terminal de rápida progresión / Collapsing glomerulopathy with rapid progression to terminal renal failure

La glomerulopatía colapsante (GC) constituye una variedad de la glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria. Afecta tanto a la población adulta (40%) como a la infantil (20%); presentándose con mayor frecuencia en hombres jóvenes y afrodescendientes. Clínicamente se presenta como un síndrome nefrótico, con niveles elevados de úrea y creatinina. Se presenta el caso de paciente femenino de 22 años, quien acude por presentar fiebre, edema matutino en miembros inferiores, e intolerancia oral de 9 días de evolución. Al examen físico: Hipertensión arterial y ascitis. La GC es una entidad poco diagnosticada, que progresa rápidamente a insuficiencia renal terminal a pesar de recibir cualquier tratamiento sistémico descrito hasta la actualidad, por lo que amerita mayor investigación en el ámbito terapéutico(AU)

Collapsing glomerulopathy (GC) is a variety of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. It affects both adult population (40%) and children (20%); it occurs most often in young people, male and of African descent. Clinically it is presented as a nephrotic syndrome, with high levels of urea and creatinine serum. There is insufficient evidence regarding the treatment of this entity, so that steroids and immunosuppressants are used at high doses. We present the case of a 22-year old female, who presented fever, edema in the lower limbs and oral intolerance of 9 days of evolution. Physical examination showed: high blood pressure and ascitis. This nephropathy is an underdiagnosed entity rapidly progressing to kidney failure despite receiving any systemic treatment described until now, so it merits further research in the therapeutic field(AU)

Perfil metabólico proteico de vacas em lactação alimentadas com milho e ureia a pasto / Protein metabolic profile of dairy cows fed corn and urea pasture

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos da substituição total do farelo de soja por milho e ureia sobre consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, perfil metabólico proteico e balanço de nitrogênio de vacas mestiças em lactação em pastejo, com lotação intermitente de capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum). Foram utilizadas 12 vacas mestiças em lactação, com peso corporal médio inicial de 473,0+45,0kg, período de lactação médio de 95,0+42,2 dias e produção de leite de média inicial de 14,1+1,9kg/dia. As vacas eram primíparas e multíparas, mestiças de Girolando, Pardo-Suíço e Jersey. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro níveis de substituição do farelo de soja por milho e ureia (0; 33; 66; 100% na matéria seca - MS). O capim-mombaça apresentou teor médio de proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro de 19 e 59% na MS, respectivamente. A substituição do farelo de soja por milho e ureia não alterou o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente da MS. As concentrações de ureia e N-ureico plasmáticos foram alteradas pela substituição do farelo de soja por milho e ureia. O balanço de nitrogênio foi positivo e não foi alterado com as substituições. Para vacas mestiças produzindo, em média, 12,5kg/dia e mantidas em pasto de qualidade, pode se substituir totalmente o farelo de soja por milho e ureia.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of total replacement of corn by soybean meal and urea on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein metabolic profile, and nitrogen balance of lactating crossbred cows grazing with intermittent stocking Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum). Twelve milking cows were distributed in a triple 4 x 4 latin design, with a mean initial body weight of 473,0+45,0kg, average lactation period of 95,0+42,2 days and milk production of initial mean of 14,1+1,9kg/day. Cows were primiparous and multiparous. The treatments consisted of four levels of substitution of soybean meal for corn and urea (0; 33; 66; 100% in dry matter - DM). The Mombasa grass showed an average content of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of 19 and 59% in DM, respectively. The concentrations of urea and plasma urea nitrogen were altered by replacing soybean meal with corn and urea. Protein metabolic profile was changed with the replacement of soybean meal by corn and urea. The nitrogen balance was positive and has not changed with the replacements. For mixed-race cows producing an average of 12.5kg/day and kept in good-quality pastures, one can replace soybean meal totally with corn and urea.(AU)

Performance of the 13C-urea breath test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection using a substrate synthesized in Brazil: A preliminary study

OBJECTIVE: The 13C-urea breath test is the main non-invasive test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The availability of this test throughout the country is limited, mainly due to the difficulty in obtaining the labeled isotope from abroad. Recently, researchers from the Nuclear Energy Center in Agriculture at the University of São Paulo (CENA/USP) succeeded in synthesizing 13C-enriched urea for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of the 13C-urea breath test using 13C-urea acquired abroad with that of a test using 13C-urea synthesized in Brazil. METHOD: Sixty-four dyspeptic patients participated in the study (24 men and 40 women). Initially, the patients performed the 13C-urea breath test using the imported substrate (Euriso-Top, France). Seven to fourteen days later, all the patients repeated the test using the Brazilian substrate. The samples from both examinations were processed in an infrared isotope analyzer (IRIS, Wagner Analisen Technik, Germany), and all delta over baseline (DOB) [%] values above four were considered positive results. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients (42%) exhibited negative results for Helicobacter pylori infection, and thirty-seven patients (58%) exhibited positive results when tested using the foreign substrate (gold standard). There was a 100% concordance regarding the presence or absence of infection when the gold standard results were compared with those obtained using the Brazilian substrate. CONCLUSIONS: Similar performance in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection was demonstrated when using the 13C-urea breath test with the Brazilian 13C-urea substrate and the test with the substrate produced abroad. This validation represents an important step toward increasing the availability of the 13C-urea breath test throughout the country, which will have a positive influence on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Avaliação dos fatores etários sobre a função renal de ovelhas Santa Inês / Evaluation of the renal function in aging Santa Ines ewes

Este estudo avaliou a função renal de fêmeas ovinas hígidas da raça Santa Inês, criadas no Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de estabelecer valores de referência, além de determinar possíveis variações dos valores de seus parâmetros causados por fatores etários. Foram determinados os valores de ureia, creatinina, sódio e potássio séricos e urinários, e os valores de GGT urinário de 128 animais, divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com a idade. Foi realizada, também a urinálise das 128 amostras de urina. Não foi observada diferença significativa dos valores de densidade entre todos os grupos. Entretanto, constatou-se aumento de valores de ureia, creatinina, sódio e diminuição de proteínas e GGT urinários nos grupos 2, 3 e 4 que eram mais velhos do que o grupo 1. Em relação aos parâmetros séricos, observou-se diferença significativa dos valores de ureia e creatinina entre os grupos, pois uréia e creatinina aumentaram e potássio diminuiu nos animais do grupo 2, 3 e 4 que eram mais velhos. Avaliando-se os resultados obtidos para os exames da função renal, verificou-se que os valores médios na urina da densidade foi de 1,03±0,01; pH 7,71±1,35; ureia em mg/dL foi 1342±1085; de creatinina 42,39±23,36; de proteínas totais em g/dL foi de 5,61±2,88; GGT em U/L foi de 1,44±1,31; sódio e potássio em mmol/L foi de 15,93±20,13 e 240±117 respectivamente. No soro verificou-se que os valores médios foram: de ureia em mg/dL 32,33±19,81; de creatinina 1,22±0,20; de sódio e potássio em mmol/L foram de 145,7±8,8 e 5,5±1,30 respectivamente.(AU)

This study evaluated kidney function of healthy Santa Inês ewes, bred in São Paulo State. The aim of this paper was to establish standard reference values and stipulate value variation caused by age group factor. We determined seric and urinary levels of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium, and urinary GGT from 128 ewes, divided into 4 groups according to age. Also urinalysis was made in 128 urine samples. No significant statistical difference was found regarding density values between all groups, although there was an increase in urea values, creatinine and sodium, and an decrease in urinary proteins and GGT in group 2, 3 and 4 older than group1. In relation to the seric parameters, there was significative statistical difference in urea and creatinine values between the groups, as an increase in urea and creatinine. Potassium decreased in the older groups 2, 3 and 4. Evaluating the results obtained for renal function, we found that the mean values of density were 1.03±0.01, pH 7.1±1.35, urea (mg/dL) 1342±1085, creatinin 42.39±23,36, total protein (g/dL) 5.61±2.88, GGT (U/L) 1.44±1.31, sodium and potassium (mmol/L) were 15.93±20.13 and 240±117 respectively. In the serum medium values were: urea (mg/dL) 32.33±19.81, creatinine 1.22±0.20, sodium and potassium (mmol/L) 145.7±8.8 and 5.5±1.30 respectively.(AU)

Diagnostic accuracy of urea breath test for helicobacter pylori infection in children with dyspepsia in comparison to histopathology

ABSTRACT Background - Helicobacter pylori infection is the gram negative bacillus with the close association with chronic antral gastritis. Objective - In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of urea breath test (UBT) with carbon isotope 13 in comparison with histopathology of gastric antrum for detection of H. pylori infection in children with dyspepsia. Methods - This cross-sectional study was performed at specialized laboratory of Shiraz Gastroenterohepatology Research Center and Nemazee Hospital, Iran, during a 12-months period. This study investigated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of UBT in comparison with biopsy-based tests. We included a consecutive selection of 60 children who fulfilled Rome III criteria for dyspepsia. All children were referred for performing UBT with carbon isotope 13 (C13) as well as endoscopy. Biopsies were taken from antrum of stomach and duodenum. The pathologic diagnosis was considered as the standard test. Results - The mean age of the participants was 10.1±2.6 (range 7-17 years). From our total 60 patients, 28 (46.7%) had positive UBT results and 32 (53.3%) had negative UBT results. Pathologic report of 16 (57.1%) out of 28 patients who had positive UBT were positive for H. pylori and 12 (42.9%) ones were negative. Sensitivity and specificity of C13-UBT for detection of H. pylori infection were 76.2% and 69.2% respectively. Conclusion - Sensitivity and specificity of C13-UBT for detection of H. pylori infection were 76.2% and 69.2% respectively. Another multicenter study from our country is recommended.

RESUMO Contexto - A infecção por Helicobacter pylori, bacilo gram negativo, tem estreita associação com gastrite antral crônica. Objetivo - Neste estudo, avaliou-se a precisão do teste respiratório da urease (UBT) com isótopos de carbono 13 em comparação com a histopatologia do antro gástrico para detecção da infecção por H. pylori em crianças com dispepsia. Métodos - Estudo transversal realizado no laboratório especializado no Centro de Pesquisa Gastroenterológica de Shiraz e do Hospital de Nemazee, Iran, durante um período de 12 meses. Este estudo investigou a sensibilidade, a especificidade e valores preditivos positivos e negativos da UBT em comparação com testes baseados em biópsia. Incluímos uma seleção consecutiva de 60 crianças que preencheram os critérios de Roma III para dispepsia. Todas as crianças foram encaminhadas para a realização de UBT com isótopos de carbono 13 (C13) assim como endoscopia. Biópsias foram tiradas do antro do estômago e duodeno. O diagnóstico patológico era considerado o teste padrão. Resultados - A idade média dos participantes foi 10.1±2.6 (intervalo de 7 a 17 anos). Do nosso total de 60 pacientes, 28 (46,7%) tiveram resultados positivos UBT e 32 (53,3%) tiveram resultados negativos de UBT. Dezesseis (57,1%) de 28 pacientes que tiveram UBT positiva foram H. pylori positivo e 12 (42,9%) foram negativos. A sensibilidade e especificidade do C13-UBT para detecção da infecção por H. pylori foi de 76,2% e 69,2%, respectivamente. Conclusão - A sensibilidade e especificidade do C13-UBT para detecção da infecção por H. pylori foi de 76,2% e 69,2%, respectivamente. Recomenda-se outro estudo multicêntrico de nosso país.

Variation of Spirulina maxima biomass production in different depths of urea-used culture medium

Fewer studies have assessed the outdoor cultivation of Spirulina maxima compared with S. platensis, although the protein content of S. maxima is higher than S. platensis. Spirulina growth medium requires an increased amount of NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and NaNO3, which increases the production cost. Therefore, the current study used a low-cost but high-efficiency biomass production medium (Medium M-19) after testing 33 different media. The medium depth of 25 cm (group A) was sub-divided into A1 (50% cover with a black curtain (PolyMax, 12 oz ultra-blackout), A2 (25% cover), and A3 (no cover). Similarly the medium depths of 30 and 35 cm were categorized as groups B (B1, B2, and B3) and C (C1, C2, and C3), respectively, and the effects of depth and surface light availability on growth and biomass production were assessed. The highest biomass production was 2.05 g L-1 in group A2, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in all other groups and sub-groups. Spirulina maxima died in B1 and C1 on the fifth day of culture. The biochemical composition of the biomass obtained from A2 cultures, including protein, carbohydrate, lipid, moisture, and ash, was 56.59%, 14.42%, 0.94%, 5.03%, and 23.02%, respectively. Therefore, S. maxima could be grown outdoors with the highest efficiency in urea-enriched medium at a 25-cm medium depth with 25% surface cover or uncovered.

Efeitos de fontes orgânicas de cobre e enxofre sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos no soro de ovinos / Effects of organic and inorganic copper and sulphur supplementation on blood biochemical parameters in sheep

Minerais são componentes essenciais na dieta, exercendo diversas funções no organismo animal onde o uso de sais orgânicos visa aumentar a disponibilidade dos inerais no trato digestório. O perfil metabólico auxilia na avaliação de índices produtivos, para tanto, se faz análises de componentes bioquímicos do sangue. O objetivo foi estudar os efeitos que fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas de cobre e enxofre possuem nos parâmetros bioquímicos. O experimento foi realizado na FZEA/USP, para tanto 40 ovinos foram distribuídos em 10tratamentos: 1) dieta basal; 2) dieta contendo Mo; 3) dieta basal+ Cu inorg + S inorg; 4) dieta basal + Cu inorg + S org; 5) dieta basal + Cu org + S inorg; 6) dieta basal + Cu org + S org; 7) dieta com Mo + Cu inorg + S inorg; 8) dieta com Mo + Cu inorg + S org; 9) dieta com Mo + Cu org + S inorg; 10) dieta com Mo + Cu org + S org. De acordo com cada tratamento houve a inclusão de 10mgkg-1 de MS de Cu inorgânico ou orgânico ou 10 mg kg-1 de MS de Mo ou 0,2% de S inorgânico ou orgânico. Os animais receberam dieta única duas vezes ao dia com inclusão de volumoso num total de 3% do peso vivo. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias, com coletas a cada 28 dias para estudo de glicose, ureia, albumina, colesterol, triglicerídeos. Os parâmetros foram analisados com estrutura fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (com e sem Mo, Cu orgânico e inorgânico e S orgânico e inorgânico) e uma dieta basal e uma basal mais molibdênio, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com um nível de significância de 5%. Os teores séricos de glicose, ureia, albumina e colesterol não apresentaram diferença significativa entre tratamentos e tempo, tão pouco foram influenciados (p>0.05) pelos tratamentos, sendo as médias 64,8mg dl-1; 30,0mg dl-1; 2,78mg L-1; 72,2mg dl-1respectivamente, apresentando-se dentro da normalidade. Os teores de triglicerídeos nos tratamentos (28.8; 34.8; 30.8; 36.9; 34.3; 27.0; 31.6; 32.1; 34.6; 31.1mg dl-1) foram influenciados pela interação Cu x S...

Minerals are essential components in the diet, exercising various functions in the animal. There are many studies to find better results for the organic sources of minerals, and one of the reasons for that is to avoid the negative interactions. The metabolic profile helps in assessment of production indices, therefore analyzes blood biochemical components. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic copper and sulphur supplementation on blood biochemical parameters in sheep. The experiment was conducted at the FZEA/USP. Total 40 weaned sheep were divided in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments: 1) basal diet; 2) basal diet plus Mo; 3) basal diet + inorganic Cu + inorganic S; 4) basal diet + inorganic Cu + organic S; 5) basal diet + organic Cu + inorganic S; 6) basal diet + organic Cu + organic S; 7) diet plus Mo + inorganic Cu + inorganic S; 8) diet plus Mo + inorganic Cu + organic S; 9) diet plus Mo + organic Cu + inorganic S; 10) diet plus organic Cu + organic S. According each treatment was added 10mg kg-1 MS inorganic or organic Cu or 10mg kg-1 MS Mo or 0.2% S inorganic or organic. The animals were fed twice a day, a total of 3% of body weight. The experiment lasted 84 days, blood was sampled every 28 days to study glucose, urea, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides. The parameters were analyzed with factorial structure 2 x 2 x 2 (with and without Mo, organic and inorganic Cu and organic and inorganic S) and a basal diet and a basal diet plus Mo, with 5% significance. Serum levels of glucose, urea, albumin and cholesterol showed no significant difference between treatment and time (p> 0.05). It observed means of 64.8mg dl- 1; 30.0mg dl -1; 2.78mg L -1; 72.2mg dl- 1 respectively for glucose, urea, albumin and cholesterol. Serum levels of triglycerides in the treatments (28.8; 34.8; 30.8; 36.9; 34.3; 27.0; 31.6; 32.1; 34.6; 31.1mg dl- 1) were influenced by interaction Cu x S, triglycerides decreased...

Investigation of the association between glaucoma and Helicobacter pylori infection using the 14C-urea breath test / Investigação de associação entre glaucoma e infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori pelo teste respiratório da ureia 14C

ABSTRACTPurpose:To investigate the association between glaucoma and Helicobacter pylori infection by evaluating for the presence of H. pylori infection in patients with glaucoma using the 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT).Methods:Using 14C-UBT, H. pylori infection positivity was compared between a group of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and a control group with normal intraocular pressure and a normal optic disc or normal perimetry.Results:The 14C-UBT was positive in 18 (51.42%) out of 35 patients in the glaucoma group and in 15 (42.85%) out of 35 patients in the control group. H. pylori infection positivity rates were similar between the glaucoma and control groups (p>0.05).Conclusion:According to the 14C-UBT, there is no association between primary open-angle glaucoma and H. pylori infection.

RESUMOObjetivo:Investigar a associação entre glaucoma e infecção por H. pyloripor meio do teste para a presença de infecção por H. pylori em pacientes com glaucoma usando o teste de respiração da ureia 14C (14C-UBT).Métodos:Foi feita uma comparação em relação a positividade H. pyloriutilizando 14C-UBT entre um grupo de pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e um grupo controle com pressão intraocular normal e sem verificação de disco óptico glaucomatosa.Resultados:O 14C-UBT foi positivo em 18 (51,42%) dos 35 pacientes no grupo de glaucoma e em 15 (42,85%) dos 35 pacientes no grupo de controle. As taxas de positividade foram semelhantes entre os grupos de glaucoma e de controle e não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p>0,05).Conclusão:De acordo com o 14C-UBT, não há associação entre o glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e H. pylori.

Chemical salivary composition and its relationship with periodontal disease and dental calculus

Aim: To determine the relationship between the chemical composition of saliva, periodontal disease and dental calculus. Methods: An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with patients over 55 years of age. Ethical principles of autonomy and risk protection were applied according to the international standards. Sociodemographic and diagnosis variables (presence of dental calculus and periodontal status) were considered to measure salivary concentrations of glucose (by the glucose oxidase/peroxidase method, amylase (by the colorimetric test), urea (by the amount of indophenol), total protein (by the Bradford method) and albumin (by the nephelometric method). Patients chewed a sterile rubber band and 3 mL of stimulated saliva were collected. The samples were stored at -5 °C, centrifuged at 2,800 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was removed and stored at -20 °C. Data were presented as frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables. Data were analyzed by either analysis of variance or Kruskal Wallis test . A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant relationships were observed between the concentration of salivary urea and periodontal status (p = 0.03) and the presence of dental calculus and urea (p = 0.04) was demonstrated. Conclusions: A relationship between the salivary urea concentration and the presence of periodontal disease and dental calculus is suggested.

Influence of environmental hypertonicity on the induction of ureogenesis and amino acid metabolism in air-breathing walking catfish (Clarias batrachus, Bloch).

Effect of environmental hypertonicity, due to exposure to 300 mM mannitol solution for 7 days, on the induction of ureogenesis and also on amino acid metabolism was studied in the air-breathing walking catfish, C. batrachus, which is already known to have the capacity to face the problem of osmolarity stress in addition to other environmental stresses in its natural habitats. Exposure to hypertonic mannitol solution led to reduction of ammonia excretion rate by about 2-fold with a concomitant increase of urea-N excretion rate by about 2-fold. This was accompanied by significant increase in the levels of both ammonia and urea in different tissues and also in plasma. Further, the environmental hypertonicity also led to significant accumulation of different non-essential free amino acids (FAAs) and to some extent the essential FAAs, thereby causing a total increase of non-essential FAA pool by 2-3-fold and essential FAA pool by 1.5-2.0-fold in most of the tissues studied including the plasma. The activities of three ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) enzymes such as carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase in liver and kidney tissues, and four key amino acid metabolism-related enzymes such as glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase (reductive amination), alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransaminase were also significantly up-regulated in different tissues of the fish while exposing to hypertonic environment. Thus, more accumulation and excretion of urea-N observed during hypertonic exposure were probably associated with the induction of ureogenesis through the induced OUC, and the increase of amino acid pool was probably mainly associated with the up-regulation of amino acid synthesizing machineries in this catfish in hypertonic environment. These might have helped the walking catfish in defending the osmotic stress and to acclimatize better under hypertonic environment, which is very much uncommon among freshwater teleosts.

Moringa oleifera impairs the morphology and functions of the kidney in adult Wistar rats / Moringa oleifera altera la morfología y funciones del riñón en ratas Wistar adultas

We tested the hypothesis that Moringa oleifera impairs the morphology and functions of the kidney in rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were employed in the study. Rats of Control Group I received physiological saline while rats of Groups II ­ IV received 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg bodyweight of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera respectively for twenty one days. No behavioral anomalies were observed in rats of Groups I ­ IV. Rats of Control Group I gained statistically significant increased bodyweight while rats of Groups II ­ IV experienced non-significant decreased bodyweight during experimental procedure. (P0.05). No statistical significant differences (P0.05) were observed in the analyses of the relative weights of kidneys of rats of Groups I ­ IV. Histological examinations showed normal cyto-architecture of the kidneys of rats of Group I while the Capsular spaces of the kidneys of rats of Groups II ­ IV appeared wider than those of Group I. Statistical analyses showed significant higher levels (P0.05) of Alanine and Aspartate Transaminases, and serum urea in rats of Groups II ­ IV in a non- dose-dependent manner when compared to rats of Group I. Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.

Se puso a prueba la hipótesis que Moringa oleifera altera la morfología y función del riñón en ratas. Fueron utilizadas 24 ratas Wistar macho adultas. El grupo control recibió suero fisiológico mientras que los Grupos II a IV recibieron 250, 500 y 750 mg/kg peso corporal del extracto metanólico de Moringa oleifera respectivamente, durante 21 días. No se observaron anomalías en el comportamiento en ratas de los Grupos I - IV. En las ratas del grupo de control se registró un aumento de peso corporal estadísticamente significativo, mientras que las ratas de los grupos II - IV experimentaron una disminución no significativa de peso corporal durante el procedimiento experimental (P0,05). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P0,05) en el análisis de los pesos relativos en riñones de las ratas de los grupos I - IV. Los exámenes histológicos mostraron citoarquitectura normal de los riñones de las ratas del grupo I, mientras que en ratas de los grupos II ­ IV los espacios capsulares de los riñones aparecían más amplios que los del Grupo I. Los análisis estadísticos mostraron niveles superiores significativos ( P 0,05 ) de la alanina y aspartato aminotransferasa, y de urea en suero en ratas de los Grupos II - IV no dependiente de la dosis, en comparación con las ratas del Grupo I. Estos resultados coinciden con la hipótesis planteada.

Alterações morfofuncionais renais em cães Golden Retriever Distróficos (GRMD) / Kidneys morphological changes in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy dogs (GRMD)

A Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) é geneticamente homóloga à distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) que acomete seres humanos. É uma doença genética que gera degeneração progressiva da musculatura esquelética. Considerando-se as intensas alterações musculares, é natural pensar em uma possível lesão renal decorrente da intensa lesão muscular. Foram avaliados seis cães machos da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular (GRMD) e três cães machos clinicamente sadios. A concentração de creatinina foi determinada e as proteínas urinárias foram avaliadas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Os resultados mostraram que a proteinúria patológica não está diretamente associada à Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne, porém diversos parâmetros apresentaram concentrações aumentadas para animais afetados, como a razão proteína/albumina, que foi maior em cães distróficos, podendo ser indício de microalbuminúria e conseqüente lesão renal precoce. Estes resultados visam embasar avaliações clínicas e futuros estudos considerando-se as patologias decorrentes ou associadas a esta doença genética.

The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is genetically homologous to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) that affects humans. It is a genetic disease that causes progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle. Considering the intense muscle changes, it is natural to think in possible kidney damage caused by intense muscle injury. We evaluated six male Golden Retriever dogs affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (GRMD) and three clinically healthy male dogs. The urinary proteins and creatinine concentration were determined. The proteins were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that pathological proteinuria is not directly associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but several parameters showed increased concentrations for affected animals, as the ratio protein/albumin, which was higher in dystrophic dogs, probably a consequence of microalbuminuria a sign of early kidney damage. These results aim to base future studies and clinical evaluations considering the pathologies arising from or associated with this genetic disease.

The Efficacy of Moxifloxacin-Containing Triple Therapy after Standard Triple, Sequential, or Concomitant Therapy Failure for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Korea

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Retreatment after initial treatment failure for Helicobacter pylori is very challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacies of moxifloxacin-containing triple and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. METHODS: A total of 151 patients, who failed initial H. pylori treatment, were included in this retrospective cohort study. The initial regimens were standard triple, sequential, or concomitant therapy, and the efficacies of the two following second-line treatments were evaluated: 7-day moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy (rabeprazole 20 mg twice a day, amoxicillin 1,000 mg twice a day, and moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily) and 7-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (rabeprazole 20 mg twice a day, tetracycline 500 mg 4 times a day, metronidazole 500 mg 3 times a day, and tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 300 mg 4 times a day). RESULTS: The overall eradication rates after moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy were 69/110 (62.7%) and 32/41 (78%), respectively. Comparison of the two regimens was performed in the patients who failed standard triple therapy, and the results revealed eradication rates of 14/28 (50%) and 32/41 (78%), respectively (p=0.015). The frequency of noncompliance was not different between the two groups, and there were fewer adverse effects in the moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy group (2.8% vs 7.3%, p=0.204 and 25.7% vs 43.9%, p=0.031, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy, a recommended second-line treatment for initial concomitant or sequential therapy failure, had insufficient efficacy.

Metabólitos sanguíneos de vacas de corte suplementadas ou não com sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos durante o período pré e/ou pós-parto / Blood metabolites from beef cows supplemented or not with calcium salts of fatty acids during pre and/or postpartum period

Avaliou-se a concentração de metabólitos sanguíneos de vacas de corte mantidas em pastagem natural recebendo suplementação com sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos (SCAG) durante 45 dias antes do parto (PRE), suplementação com SCAG durante 45 dias antes do parto e 63 dias pós-parto (PREPOS), suplementação com SCAG durante 63 dias pós-parto (POS) e de vacas não suplementadas (PN). As coletas de sangue foram realizadas em média 64 dias antes do parto, e aos 21, 42 e 63 dias pós-parto. Não ocorreu interação significativa entre tratamentos e períodos. As concentrações plasmáticas de β-hidroxibutirato (βHB), triglicerídeos (TRIG), colesterol, glicose e ureia não foram afetadas significativamente pela suplementação de gordura protegida. A análise de regressão mostrou queda linear significativa da concentração de TRIG no sangue com o aumento da produção de leite (PL) para as vacas do tratamento PN (TRIG = 23,10 - 2,18*PL, R² = 0,31) e efeito quadrático para as vacas do PRE (TRIG = 6,54 - 1,75*PL + 0,30*PL², R² = 0,62). Nos animais dos tratamentos POS e PREPOS, não houve efeito da produção de leite sobre a concentração de TRIG, indicando que a suplementação durante o período de produção de leite auxilia na manutenção de um balanço energético positivo. As concentrações de colesterol plasmático aumentaram, e as de triglicerídeos e ureia diminuíram linearmente até o final do experimento.

The study evaluated the blood metabolites of beef cows maintained on native pasture supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) during 45 days pre-partum (PRE); supplemented with CSFA during 45 days pre-partum and 63 days post-partum (PREPOS); supplemented with CSFA during 63 days post-partum (POS) and cows not supplemented (PN): without supplementation. Blood samples were taken 64 days pre-partum, and at 21, 42 and 63 days post-partum. No significant interaction was observed between treatment and period. Plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and urea were not affected by protected fat supplementation. The regression analysis showed significant linear decline of blood triglycerides (TRIG) concentration with the increase of milk production (PL) for PN cows (TRIG= 23.10 - 2.18*PL, R²= 0.31) and quadratic effect for PRE cows (TRIG= 6.54 - 1.75*PL + 0.30*PL², R²= 0.62). For cows submitted to the POS and PREPOS treatments there was no effect of milk production on blood triglycerides concentration, indicating that CSFA during milk production aids the maintenance of a positive energetic balance. The concentration of plasma cholesterol increased while the concentrations of triglycerides and urea decreased linearly until the end of the experiment.

Estudo morfofuncional dos rins de cães da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular (GRMD) / Morphofunctional study in kidneys of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy (GRMD)

A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma miopatia severa de caráter recessivo ligada ao cromossomo X e o modelo animal de estudo mais relevante é o Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD). Além das severas alterações que ocorrem na musculatura estriada, muitos estudos mostram que outras estruturas, inclusive viscerais, podem se mostrar alteradas nesta patologia. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou análisar e comparar possíveis alterações estruturais e funcionais do rim em cães GRMD. Neste modelo de estudo, foi possível observar a presença das faces convexa e côncava, do hilo renal e dos pólos craniais e caudais dos rins. O órgão mostrou-se envolto por uma cápsula fibrosa. Em um corte sagital do órgão, notou-se a presença das regiões cortical e medular e da pelve renal. Na análise microscópica foi possível identificar a zona medular e cortical com suas estruturas: os corpúsculos renais formados pelo glomérulo e pela cápsula de Bowman, os túbulos contorcidos proximais e distais, os ductos coletores, vasos sanguíneos e os segmentos das Alças de Henle. As dosagens séricas de creatinina e uréia encontram-se dentro dos limites de normalidade. Desta forma, de acordo com os nossos resultados, podemos concluir que os animais afetados estudados, não apresentaram alterações estruturais ou funcionais dos rins, o que nos permitir sugerir que apesar da ingestão hídrica comprometida, a estrutura renal, mantem- se preservada nos animais GRMD.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe myopathy of recessive X-linked character and the most relevant animal study model is the Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD). In addition to the severe changes occurring in the striated musculature, several studies show that other structures, including viscera, may prove to be altered in this pathology. Thus, this study aimed to analyze and compare possible structural and functional alterations of the kidney in GRMD dogs. In this study model, it was possible to observe the presence of convex and concave faces, the renal hilum, and the cranial and caudal poles of the kidneys. The organ was surrounded by a fibrous capsule. In a sagittal section of the organ, the presence of the cortical and medullary regions and the renal pelvis were noticed. On microscopic examination, it was possible to identify the medullary and cortical zones and their structures: the renal corpuscles formed by the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, the collecting ducts, the blood vessels, and the segments of the loops of Henle. The serum creatinine and urea were within normal limits. Thus, according to our results, we may conclude that the affected animals under study showed no structural or functional changes in the kidneys, something which allows us to suggest that, despite the impaired water intake, renal structure remains preserved in GRMD animals.